Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer's disease is the most common form
of dementia, affecting 75% of dementia patients.
What is Alzheimer’s disease?
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder characterized by neurodegeneration, loss of nerve cells, abnormal accumulation of proteins (primarily beta-amyloid), and formation of neurofibrillary tangles in brain tissue. It is a type of dementia where gradual decline in various cognitive functions such as memory, thinking, judgment, and learning ability is the main feature.
The causes of Alzheimer's disease can be understood as a combination of genetic factors and environmental risk factors such as aging, diabetes, hypertension, and depression.
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Approximately 75% of dementia patients suffer from Alzheimer's disease. It is the most common form of dementia among the elderly, affecting 55-70% of all dementia patients. This disease is rare in individuals under the age of 65 and becomes more prevalent with advancing age. The prevalence by age group is as follows:
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Ages 65-74: 3%
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Ages 75-84: 17%
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Ages 85 and older: 32%
Alzheimer's disease occurs more frequently in women than in men, primarily because women tend to live longer on average.
In the early stages of Alzheimer's disease, individuals may frequently forget recent events. Over time, confusion increases, and significant impairment in cognitive functions becomes apparent, including difficulties with language use and comprehension. Ultimately, individuals experience profound challenges in performing daily tasks.
Alzheimer's disease progresses through several stages, with key symptoms including:
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Memory loss: Difficulty recalling recent events or information.
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Language problems: Trouble finding words or using appropriate language during conversations.
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Personality changes: Shifts in behavior, such as increased anxiety or aggression.
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Disorientation: Difficulty recognizing time, place, or people.
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Impaired ability to carry out daily tasks: Struggles with activities like dressing, cooking, or cleaning.
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Destructive or inappropriate behavior: Engagement in actions that are socially inappropriate or harmful.
Alzheimer's disease profoundly impacts both patients and their families, underscoring the importance of early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and support for patients and caregivers.